The majors problems facing Pakistan' urban future

"In the name of Allah almighty is the most merciful and helpful.

It’s so sad to us by watching our politicians are busy in fighting for government accusing each other on their failed in general elections. Also I feel ashamed of our media and journalism every night the invoked such a politicians in their talk show where the fight for their personal interest.

All these are careless about Pakistan urban area, As Pakistan is among the most urbanized countries of south Asia. As contests mount, urban planning is progressively finding space in the policy discourse.
In this research I have tried to cover the pace of urbanization and the major problems associated with it and how the government is responding to the challenges and how and whether the research community is engaged in in search of solutions.
With an urban population increasing three% per year, Pakistanis are gathering to cities more rapidly than any other country in South Asia. By 2030, more than partial of Pakistan’s projected 250 million citizens are predictable to live in cities.
The main drivers of Pakistan’s urban development are high birth rates and migration from rural areas. Refugees are involved to cities for better jobs and improved access to basic amenities.
However, urbanization has exaggerated Pakistan’s biggest cities so quickly that they struggle to deliver public services and create fruitful jobs. Urban poverty is on the increase, with one in eight urban residents living below the poverty line.
As a result, Pakistan’s cities add much less to the economy compared to other evolving countries. Pakistani towns populous by 38% of the population make up around 55% of total GDP, India’s metropolitan population is 30 percent, with 58% of its GDP come from metropolises. In Indonesia, metropolitan population and urban part of GDP are 44% and 60 percent, separately.
According to the World Bank, Pakistan urbanization is also ‘chaotic and unseen ’: Chaotic from low-density
Sprawl and unseen as cities raise beyond administrative limits to include ‘ruralopilises’, which are tightly populated rural areas and outskirts not officially designated as cities. Ruralopilises today are predictable to make up 60 present of urban Pakistan. Such expansion without an accompanying shift in economic patterns does not divine well.
Deprived of better urban planning to accommodate quick development, cities have the likely to become sources of dissatisfaction and unrest rather than engines of growth and innovation.
Following are the major problems facing urban policymakers.
1. Deprived housing quality and affordability
The state bank of Pakistan has estimated that through all main cities, urban housing was approximately 4.4 million units of call in 2015. If current tendencies continue, Pakistan’s five major cities will account for 78% of the total housing deficiency by 2030. Even if urban population remains quiet, the growing tendency of nuclear families who pursue housing separate from larger families will increase pressure on housing source.
When delivered, housing is frequently low quality. Pakistan ranks eight amongst the ten counties that together hold 60% of insufficient housing through the world. Karachi, one of the world’s fastest rising megacities and sixth lowermost in the world on the economic Intelligence Unit’s 2015 livability directory.
2. Water and sanitation
In maximum Pakistani cities, water is provided only four to 16hours per day and to only 50% of the population. According to the Asian Development Bank, 90% of the water source schemes are dangerous for drinking. Common toilet among households are common in cities and access to solid unwanted management services remains low. In the most population-dense areas of Karachi, one toilet is mutual between twenty people. The World Bank estimates that poor sanitation costs Pakistan around 3.9% of the GDP; diarrhea-related death and diseases amongst children under five being the largest donors.
3. Transportation
Karachi is the only megacity in the world without a huge public transport system. Meanwhile, the budget of private transportation is estimated to have increased by over 100% since 2000. Those who cannot afford the commute are forced to live in unplanned, inner-city neighborhoods.
Increased private transport on urban roads has caused severe congestion. The government has responded by upgrading many urban roads. However, infrastructure for the most common modes of travel in Pakistan such as pavements for walking or specials lanes for bicycles either does not exist or has been encroached upon, This is despite the fact that 40% of all trips In Lahore are made on foot
Mobility in urban Pakistan is also harder for women. An ADB study found that almost 85% of working women surveyed in Karachi were harassed in 2015.
4. Health
While overall health and nutrition are better for urban than for rural populations, child death and malnourishment indicators show that Pakistan’s urban poor have health outcomes only slightly better than rural poor.
Better health consequences in urban areas are explained by improved access to private health care
In cities. But with the exclusion of immunization, utilization of basic public health services is very little in urban areas.
Poor health consequences are also a direct influence of the pollution produced by rapid urbanization. According to the world Health Organization, Karachi is the utmost polluted city in Pakistan with air double as polluted as that of Beijing. The level of pollution in Punjab’s main cities is also three to four times higher than that determined harmless by the UN.
A lack of clean drinking water remains a major contributor to the high death rate of children below five years old. According to Save the Children’s 2015 Annual Report, poor urban children in Pakistan are more expected to die young than rural children.
The challenge of global warming has also increased in cities. A rise in concrete structures across the urban landscape is swelling temperatures within cities. In 2015 a surprising heat wave in Karachi led to nearly 1,500 deaths.
5. Education
Although urban areas have higher student enrollment and superior learning out comes close to 10% of all children in Lahore, Karachi and Peshawar stay out of school.
Like healthcare, improved education in cities is explained by the remote sector.
From 2001 to 2014, the share of main registration in urban remote schools rose from 25percent to 40 percent.
Moreover, there seems to be an opposite relationship between public education and city size. In small cities, almost 35% of all children aged five to nine are enrolled in government schools.
In capital cities, that figure descents to 22 percent.
Continued preference for private schools reveals the low quality of government schools in urban centers. While all private schools have basic facilities (drinkable water and toilets), they are absent in around 12percent of government schools in Lahore.
The lack of education and health facilities in smaller cities pushes people towards big cities, where services delivery becomes increasingly worried as the urban population grows.
6. Land Management
Out-of-date land use regulation and building codes, the absence of a united land record system and irregular data on land use result in poor urban land management. One consequence is dangerous inequality in land use. In Karachi, 36% of the population lives in officially planned settlements that consume 77% of the city’s residential land, where urban mass can be as low as 84 people per hectare. On the other hand, Karachi’s many informal settlements have densities of more than 4,500 per hectare.
These immensely varying densities have resulted in irregularly to vital urban services.
Unplanned urban mass continues unchecked. Housing schemes built beyond city limits have used up an estimated 60,000 acres of major agricultural land. Both Karachi and Lahore have seen the development of large real estate schemes by private and military developers particularly along the highways. These undertakings are redefining urban limits, further damaging services delivery."